Specific types of sports and exercise group participation and socio-psychological health in older people

ABSTRACT

Older people who engage in sports and exercise in a group render greater benefits for socio-psychological aspects compared to exercising alone. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of specific types of sports and exercise groups and the association with self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and frequency of laughter among community-dwelling older people. We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study and analysed 63,465 males and 68,497 females aged ≥65 years. The top three most popular types among males were golf (11.3%), walking (8.4%), and ground golf (6.3%). Among females, the top three were fitness exercises (13.8%), walking (8.3%), and weight exercises (6.2%). After adjusting for potential confounders, engaging in golf with a group was significantly related with excellent self-rated health (prevalence ratio, PR, 1.31 in male and 1.78 in female), low depressive symptoms (PR, 0.70 and 0.71), and a high frequency of laughter (PR, 1.12 and 1.13). Among females, walking displayed a significant relationship with all three characteristics (PR, 1.23, 0.79, and 1.06, respectively). Golf in older males and walking in older females might be the first choice for an effective programme to spread sports and exercise groups within the older Japanese community.     

Caregiver depression and trajectories of behavioral health among child welfare involved youth

Child welfare involvement has been linked to child behavioral health issues, including increased likelihood of internalizing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety, and externalizing behavioral problems such as oppositional behaviors and substance use problems. One predictor of child behavioral health is caregiver mental health. Although, there remains a specific gap associated with identification of factors among caregivers that are associated with longitudinal child behavioral health trajectories. Using LONGSCAN, we explore the effects of caregiver depression on the behavioral health of children over time. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models showed that children with a caregiver who reported depression showed significantly higher internalizing behavioral problems over time, and significantly larger decreases in externalizing behavioral problems over time, compared to children with a caregiver who reported no depression. These findings emphasize that early interventions geared towards jointly assessing and treating parent and child mental health issues in the child welfare system may be successful at improving future behavioral health outcomes.     

Associations between retirement reasons,chronic pain,athletic identity,and depressive symptoms among former professional footballers

Background: Retirement from professional sport has been recognised as a major psychological stressor, and there is a need to identify factors that increase the risk of mental health problems after career termination. The current study examined associations between career-ending injury, chronic pain, athletic identity, and depressive symptomology in retired professional footballers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 307 retired male footballers who had played within a professional United Kingdom league. Participants completed measures of depressive symptoms (Short Depression-Happiness Scale), chronic pain (Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale), and athletic identity (Athletic Identity Measurement Scale), and reported their reasons for retirement. Results: A total of 48 participants (16%) met the cut-off score for possible cases of clinically relevant depression. These participants were more recently retired, and had higher athletic identity than those without depressive symptoms. Former players with depressive symptoms were more likely to cite injury as a retirement reason, and report higher levels of ongoing injury-related pain. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the presence of depressive symptoms was independently associated with retirement through injury (OR?=?3.44; 95% CI?=?1.39, 8.51), higher pain levels (OR?=?1.38; 95% CI?=?1.02, 1.86), and increased athletic identity (OR?=?1.28; 95% CI?=?1.14, 1.44). Conclusions: Career-ending injury is strongly associated with higher odds of depressive symptomology during retirement, while experiencing chronic pain, and maintaining a high sense of athletic identity, are additional potential contributors.     

Externally Contingent and Unstable Self‐Worth as Predictors of Depression in College Women: A 3‐Month Study

Undergraduate women completed measures of externally contingent self‐worth, self‐esteem instability, and depression at the beginning (Time 1) and again 3 months later near the end (Time 2) of an academic semester. Findings indicated that when Time 1 depression scores were controlled for, each Time 1 facet of self‐esteem made significant contributions to Time 2 depression scores. Implications of these findings for the counseling of depressed college students are discussed.     

二阶常系数线性微分方程的降阶法

考虑二阶常系数线性微分方程的降阶法.首先,写出二阶齐次常系数线性微分方程的特征方程,求出特征方程的两个特征根;然后,利用积分因子乘以微分方程和导数的运算,将二阶常系数线性微分方程化为一阶微分形式;最后,将一阶微分形式两边同时积分,求解一阶线性微分方程,可求得二阶常系数线性微分方程的一个特解或通解.利用降阶法,可以求得微分方程的一个特解或通解.其计算方法简单和方便,在实际中具有应用价值。     

微博用户的抑郁和焦虑预测

临床心理学指出,心理健康状况通过人的行为表现,其中包括网络行为.传统的心理健康测评以自陈量表的形式为主.这不但要耗费大量的人工处理工作,更不能做到实时进行心理健康状态的获取.针对传统方法的不足,本文旨在通过新浪微博的环境,预测用户的心理健康状况,特别是抑郁和焦虑问题.通过批量获取微博用户的网上数据,验证了传统理论中人格和心理健康之间的相关性,并采用多任务回归学习预测微博用户的心理健康状况.结果表明,心理健康问题可以通过网络行为反映出来,通过用户的微博使用情况,预测其抑郁和焦虑的程度是可行的.     

太极拳的认知方式对治疗大学生抑郁症的功效研究

抑郁症作为当今世界的一大心理疾病正在越来越受到人们的普遍关注。高校大学生抑郁症的发病率日益增加,运动锻炼对心理健康的促进作用已经是有目共睹了。通过分析大量抑郁症患者案例,并且参与治疗抑郁症患者的活动过程中发现太极拳由于其松、静、圆、缓、柔的独特运动方式,以及融汇了中国传统哲学、医学等于一体的,阴阳辩证、自然和谐的认知方式对大学生的抑郁状况具有明显的改善作用。它可以从健身和健心两方面同时对患者起到治疗作用。     

文拉法新与氯米帕明治疗抑郁症的Meta分析

目的：比较文拉法新与氯米帕明治疗抑郁症的疗效及副作用。方法：检索中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）及中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）,时间截至2010年5月31日。纳入文拉法新与氯米帕明比较治疗抑郁症病人的随机对照试验。结果：共纳入16个随机对照试验,研究对象1158例。Meta分析结果显示：文拉法新与氯米帕明相比治疗病人的有效率较高[OR=1．34,95％CI（1．02,1．75）],两组病人治疗后痊愈率无统计学差异[OR=1．24,95％CI（0．97,1．58）],治疗后两组病人头晕、头痛、口干、便秘发生率差异有统计学意义,[OR=0．30,95％CI（0．19,0．49）]、[OR=O．60,95％O（0．38,0．96）]、[OR=0．16,95％CI（0．12,0．23）]、[OR=0．21,95％CI（0．14,0．32）]。恶心呕吐发生率无统计学意义[OR=0．89,95％CI（0．56,1．41）]。结论：文拉法新治疗抑郁症有效率高于氯米帕明,头晕、头痛、口干、便秘发生率低于氯米帕明。     

大众锻炼领域心理学研究的演进(一)

对国际锻炼心理学研究现状进行了详细的回顾。重点分析了身体锻炼与焦虑、抑郁研究领域的研究与存在的问题。研究发现,身体锻炼与缓解焦虑显著相关,状态焦虑与特质焦虑的缓解效应,效果量从小到中不等。分析了期待假说、暂停或分心假说、心血管健康假说及体温假说等身体锻炼缓解焦虑的机制。研究还表明,身体锻炼与抑郁的显著降低有关,分析了5-羟色胺假说、去甲肾上腺假说等身体锻炼抗抑郁效果的理论。     

部分体育报纸衰落的社会学分析

采用文献资料法，对我国目前的体育报纸业现状进行分析，从社会学视角对我国体育报纸业的影响因素进行研究，指出要改变我国体育报纸业现状，必须要对体育报纸科学定位，优化生存环境，拓展生存空间，加强体育报纸内容的网络传播。